The pace of US jobs growth is set to have slowed further in December, as the Federal Reserve’s aggressive interest rate increases begin to weigh more heavily on economic activity.
The world’s largest economy is expected to have added 200,000 jobs in the final month of 2022, according to a consensus forecast compiled by Bloomberg, a step down from the 261,000 increase registered in November and well below last year’s peak of 714,000 jobs recorded in February.
The unemployment rate is expected to have steadied at 3.7 per cent, just above a historic low, the data set to be released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics at 8:30am ET will show, according to economists.
The US central bank is actively trying to cool down the labour market and curb demand for new hires as it seeks to alleviate price pressures that have pushed inflation to multi-decade highs. Since March, the Fed has raised its benchmark policy rate from near-zero to just below 4.5 per cent in one of the most aggressive campaigns in its history.
While the worst of the inflation shock appears to have passed, price pressures have taken hold in the services sector of the economy. In an interview with the Financial Times this week, Gita Gopinath, the first deputy managing director at the IMF, urged the Fed to “stay the course” in terms of tightening, arguing that inflation in the US has not “turned the corner yet”.
Amid a worker shortage that Fed officials warn will not be easily reversed, wage growth is running at a pace far out of step with the Fed’s 2 per cent inflation target.
In December, average hourly earnings are expected to have climbed another 0.4 per cent, slower than the previous period but still registering a 5 per cent annual pace. The labour force participation rate, which tracks the share of Americans either employed or looking for a job, remains stubbornly below its pre-pandemic level, at 62.2 per cent.
Policymakers at the Fed have acknowledged that stamping out inflation will require job losses and in turn a higher unemployment rate. According to the latest individual projections published by the Fed, most officials see the unemployment rate rising as high as 4.6 per cent this year and next as the benchmark policy rate surpasses 5 per cent and is held there for an extended period.
“Holding [above 5 per cent] until we get evidence that inflation is actually coming down is really the message we’re trying to put out there,” Esther George, the outgoing president of the Kansas City Fed, said on Thursday.
Striking a similar tone this week, Neel Kashkari of the Minneapolis Fed said he expects the central bank to raise the federal funds rate by another percentage point over the coming months. He will be a voting member on the policy-setting Federal Open Market Committee this year.
Should the Fed follow through with this aggressive path, economists warn more material job losses could be on the horizon. Those polled last month in a joint survey by the FT and the Initiative on Global Markets at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business forecast the unemployment rate reaching at least 5.5 per cent next year as the economy tips into a recession.
